Clarification of the concept “object” in the present scientific discourse

The author, starting from the situation of correct presentation in course “History and Philosophy Science” Aristotle's views on movement, raises question general conditions for analysis understanding philosophical texts reality pre­sented them. Two opposite interpretations Stagirite’s statements are given. If point view correspondence theory, movement its causes looks erroneous, then postmodern optics these seen as legitimate, con­ditioned by a language game. From standpoint cultural-historical approach, Aristotelian explanation Galilean two different ways thinking studying, which author analyzes. Concepts that allow to understand ancient modern scientific re­search characterized. According “ideal objects” one think consis­tently, solve problems tasks facing scientist (philosopher), comprehend facts. In addition Kantian “the thing-in-itself”, more thing is added – this concept allows not only about cognized object, but also it phenomenon (as real phenomenon), including all manifestations. When taken into account projection onto phenomenon, “object study” introduced (in Kant, “phenomenon”, “object”). effectiveness using distinctions three types objects demonstrated first comprehend­ing teachings created Aristotle Galileo, example histori­cal versions heat. considered material us separate concepts: “objects nature”, “artifacts”, they person, “social formed culture. latter their formation go through stages: at conceived exist narrative virtual form, second, implementation intentional constructions social life takes place, third stage new appears begins develop, can already be studied.